Do Oncologists Perform Surgical Procedures? and Types of Oncologists

Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The role of an oncologist is multifaceted, involving comprehensive patient care, which may include diagnosing cancer, managing treatment such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and providing follow-up care to monitor recovery or recurrence. A common question that arises in discussions about oncology is whether can an oncologist perform surgery? This blog explores the various roles of oncologists, including their involvement in surgical procedures, to clarify this aspect of their practice.

Types of Oncologists

When searching for the best oncologist in Hyderabad, it's important to understand the different specializations within the field of oncology. Generally, oncologists are categorized into three main types: medical, surgical, and radiation oncologists. Each type plays a distinct role in cancer care, and their responsibilities vary significantly regarding patient management and treatment approaches.

Medical Oncologists

Medical oncologists are typically the main healthcare providers for someone diagnosed with cancer. They are responsible for diagnosing cancer and managing systemic treatments such as chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Medical oncologists often serve as the coordinators for the patient’s overall treatment, which can involve various specialists depending on the cancer type and stage.

Surgical Oncologists

Surgical oncologists are the oncologists who perform surgical procedures. Their expertise is crucial in the biopsy, staging, and surgical removal of tumors. Surgery is a fundamental aspect of cancer treatment when the goal is to remove the cancer entirely or to debulk it — that is, remove as much of it as possible. In many cases, surgical oncologists work with medical and radiation oncologists to plan the best overall treatment strategy for the patient.

For example, a patient may first undergo surgery to remove a tumor, followed by chemotherapy to treat any remaining cancer cells. Surgical oncologists also play a key role in performing palliative surgeries, which are not aimed at curing cancer but rather at relieving symptoms and improving the quality of life.

Radiation Oncologists

Radiation oncologists specialize in managing cancer treatment using radiation therapy. Their role involves designing and delivering radiation treatments to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells, using detailed imaging to target the tumor while sparing normal tissues. Although they do not perform surgical procedures, their treatment approach is integral to the multidisciplinary management of cancer, often used in conjunction with surgery and chemotherapy.

Training and Expertise

Becoming an oncologist requires extensive training. After completing medical school, candidates must undergo residency training in oncology, which includes specialized pathways depending on the type of oncology they choose to pursue. Surgical oncologists complete a residency in general surgery followed by a fellowship in oncological surgery, where they gain specific skills and experience in tumor removal and patient care during and after surgery.

Collaborative Cancer Care

Cancer treatment often requires a team approach to provide comprehensive care. This team might include pathologists, oncology nurses, social workers, pharmacists, and dietitians, in addition to the various types of oncologists. The collaborative efforts ensure that all aspects of a patient’s health are considered, making the treatment plan as effective and supportive as possible.

Innovations in Oncology

The field of oncology is continually evolving with advancements in technology and treatment methods. Surgical oncologists, for instance, are now using minimally invasive and robotic surgeries to enhance precision and reduce recovery times. Similarly, medical oncologists are increasingly relying on genomic testing to tailor treatments to the genetic profile of individual patients’ tumors, enhancing the effectiveness of systemic therapies.

To sum up, while not all oncologists perform surgical procedures, surgical oncologists specialize in this area. The distinction among different types of oncologists is crucial for patients and families to understand as they navigate cancer treatment options. For those seeking the best oncologist in Hyderabad, it’s important to consider the type of oncologist who will best meet your treatment needs. Whether involving surgical, medical, or radiation therapy, the goal remains the same: to provide the most effective, personalized cancer care possible.